/*
 * Arduino-serial
 * --------------
 * 
 * A simple command-line example program showing how a computer can
 * communicate with an Arduino board. Works on any POSIX system (Mac/Unix/PC) 
 *
 *
 * Compile with something like:
 * gcc -o arduino-serial arduino-serial.c
 *
 * Created 5 December 2006
 * Copyleft (c) 2006, Tod E. Kurt, tod@todbot.com
 * http://todbot.com/blog/
 *
 */

#include <stdio.h>    /* Standard input/output definitions */
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <stdint.h>   /* Standard types */
#include <string.h>   /* String function definitions */
#include <unistd.h>   /* UNIX standard function definitions */
#include <fcntl.h>    /* File control definitions */
#include <errno.h>    /* Error number definitions */
#include <termios.h>  /* POSIX terminal control definitions */
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <getopt.h>

int serialport_init(const char* serialport, int baud);
int serialport_write(int fd, const char* str);
int serialport_read_until(int fd, char* buf, char until);
void usage(void);

void usage() {
    printf("Usage: arduino-serial -p <serialport> [OPTIONS]\n"
    "\n"
    "Options:\n"
    "  -h, --help                   Print this help message\n"
    "  -p, --port=serialport        Serial port Arduino is on\n"
    "  -b, --baud=baudrate          Baudrate (bps) of Arduino\n"
    "  -s, --send=data              Send data to Arduino\n"
    "  -r, --receive                Receive data from Arduino & print it out\n"
    "\n"
    "Note: order is important. '-s', then '-r' will send then receive\n"
    "\n");
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{
    int fd = 0;
    char serialport[256];
    int baudrate = B9600;  // default
    char buf[256];

    if (argc==1) {
        usage();
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

    /* parse options */
    int option_index = 0, opt;
    static struct option loptions[] = {
        {"help",       no_argument,       0, 'h'},
        {"port",       required_argument, 0, 'p'},
        {"baud",       required_argument, 0, 'b'},
        {"send",       required_argument, 0, 's'},
        {"receive",    no_argument,       0, 'r'}
    };
    
    while(1) {
        opt = getopt_long (argc, argv, "hp:b:s:r", 
                           loptions, &option_index);
        if (opt==-1) break;
        switch (opt) {
        case '0': break;
        case 'h':
            usage();
        case 'p':
            strcpy(serialport,optarg);
            fd = serialport_init(optarg, baudrate);
            if(fd==-1) return -1;
            break;
        case 'b':
            baudrate = strtol(optarg,NULL,10);
            break;
        case 's':
            strcpy(buf,optarg);
            int rc = serialport_write(fd, buf);
            if(rc==-1) return -1;
            break;
        case 'r':
            serialport_read_until(fd, buf, '\n');
            printf("read: %s\n",buf);
            break;
        }
    }

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
} // End main
    
int serialport_write(int fd, const char* str)
{
    int len = strlen(str);
    int n = write(fd, str, len);
    if( n!=len ) 
        return -1;
    return 0;
}

int serialport_read_until(int fd, char* buf, char until)
{
    char b[1];
    int i=0;
    do { 
        int n = read(fd, b, 1);  // read a char at a time
        if( n==-1) return -1;    // couldn't read
        if( n==0 ) {
            usleep( 10 * 1000 ); // wait 10 msec try again
            continue;
        }
        buf[i] = b[0]; i++;
    } while( b[0] != until );

    buf[i] = 0;  // null terminate the string
    return 0;
}

// takes the string name of the serial port (e.g. "/dev/tty.usbserial","COM1")
// and a baud rate (bps) and connects to that port at that speed and 8N1.
// opens the port in fully raw mode so you can send binary data.
// returns valid fd, or -1 on error
int serialport_init(const char* serialport, int baud)
{
    struct termios toptions;
    int fd;
    
    //fprintf(stderr,"init_serialport: opening port %s @ %d bps\n",
    //        serialport,baud);

    fd = open(serialport, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY);
    if (fd == -1)  {
        perror("init_serialport: Unable to open port ");
        return -1;
    }
    
    if (tcgetattr(fd, &toptions) < 0) {
        perror("init_serialport: Couldn't get term attributes");
        return -1;
    }
    speed_t brate = baud; // let you override switch below if needed
    switch(baud) {
    case 300:    brate=B300;    break;
    case 4800:   brate=B4800;   break;
    case 9600:   brate=B9600;   break;
#ifndef OSNAME_LINUX
    case 14400:  brate=B14400;  break;
#endif
    case 19200:  brate=B19200;  break;
#ifndef OSNAME_LINUX
    case 28800:  brate=B28800;  break;
#endif
    case 38400:  brate=B38400;  break;
    case 57600:  brate=B57600;  break;
    case 115200: brate=B115200; break;
    }
    cfsetispeed(&toptions, brate);
    cfsetospeed(&toptions, brate);

    // 8N1
    toptions.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;
    toptions.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;
    toptions.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;
    toptions.c_cflag |= CS8;
    // no flow control
    toptions.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS;

    toptions.c_cflag |= CREAD | CLOCAL;  // turn on READ & ignore ctrl lines
    toptions.c_iflag &= ~(IXON | IXOFF | IXANY); // turn off s/w flow ctrl

    toptions.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE | ISIG); // make raw
    toptions.c_oflag &= ~OPOST; // make raw

    // see: http://unixwiz.net/techtips/termios-vmin-vtime.html
    toptions.c_cc[VMIN]  = 0;
    toptions.c_cc[VTIME] = 20;
    
    if( tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &toptions) < 0) {
        perror("init_serialport: Couldn't set term attributes");
        return -1;
    }

    return fd;
}
